A short article about Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta,
also known as Yogya, djogja or jogjakarta has a high status in Java. Located
in the middle of a region traditionally known as Mataram, the center of the
first great dynasties of central Java. The now dormant Merapi volcano overlooks
the city which is surrounded by one of the most fertile regions on Java. The
population in the area is about 10 million, which means a density of more
than 1.000 pr. square kilometer. The famous Mataram leader sultan Hamengkubuwono
I founded the city and built his palace, Kraton, in Yogya in the 18th century.
After his death his son rebelled against both the Pakebuwono dynasty in Surakarta,
the Dutch and the British. Hamengkubuwono II was later exiled by European
forces and his son again took over.
Yogyakarta has one of the largest universities in Indonesia, the Gajah Mada university. Gajah Mada was the prime minister and a general in the Majapahit kingdom. Among the biggest attractions in Yogya is Kraton, the more than 200 years old palace surrounded by stone wall. This is a large complex, of which some has become an integrated part of the city, while the inner area is open daily for the public. Another place worth seeing is the water castle, Taman Sari, a park of palaces, pools and channels. It was constructed by a Portuguese as a recreational center for the sultan and his family. The story says that the architect was later killed on the sultan's orders to prevent him from telling someone about all the secret places and rooms inside the park. Today the site is badly maintained and damaged due to earthquakes and wars. Close to Taman Sari is the bird market, Pasar Ngasem, and Jalan Malioboro, which is the main street in the city. Yogyakarta is also famous for good quality handmade crafts, including batik wood carvings, stone water feature birdbath, pond planters and stone statues. In traditional, religious modern style.
Yogyakarta is easy to get to and has good connections by train, road and air. There are many hotels here, some with high standard. Almost all hotels has a garden with beautiful landscaping stone decoration. Yogya is a great base to see some of the most famous tourist attractions on Java, Borobodur Prambanan. The Borobodur Temple complex is one of the greatest stone monuments in the world. Borobodur temple composed of 55,000 square meters of lava-rock is erected on a hill in the form of a stepped-pyramid of six rectangular storeys, three circular terraces and a central stone stupa forming the summit. The whole stone structure is in the form of a lotus, the sacred flower of Buddha. For each direction there are 92 Dhyani Buddha stone statues and 1,460 stone relief scenes. The lowest level has 160 relief depicting cause and effect; the middle level contains various stories of the Buddha's life from the Jataka Tales; the highest level has no reliefs or decorations whatsoever but has a balcony, square in shape with round walls: a circle without beginning or end. Here is the place of the 92 Vajrasattvas or Dhyani Buddha tucked into small stone stupas. Each of these stone sculptures has a mudra (hand gesture) indicating one of the five directions: east, with the mudra of calling the earth to witness; south, with the hand position of blessing; west, with the gesture of meditation; north, the mudra of fearlessness; and the center with the gesture of teaching.
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